------------[ cut here ]------------ percpu ref (obj_cgroup_release) <= 0 (-341) after switching to atomic WARNING: lib/percpu-refcount.c:197 at percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu+0x3cc/0x480, CPU#1: systemd/1 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 1 Comm: systemd Tainted: G W 6.17.0-rc3-next-20250829 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Tainted: [W]=WARN Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu+0x3cc/0x480 Code: 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 48 89 f9 48 c1 e9 03 80 3c 01 00 0f 85 9e 00 00 00 49 8b 75 e8 48 c7 c7 80 97 e2 84 e8 75 c5 e9 fe 90 <0f> 0b 90 90 e9 2b ff ff ff e8 f6 de 5f ff e9 9e fe ff ff e8 7c df RSP: 0018:ffff88806cf08e20 EFLAGS: 00010286 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffffffff8139de70 RDX: ffff8880094f8000 RSI: ffffffff8139de7e RDI: 0000000000000001 RBP: 7ffffffffffffeaa R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffffed100d9e4801 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff88803c704180 R13: ffff88803c7041a0 R14: 0000000000000002 R15: 0000000000000003 FS: 00007f58a90e9900(0000) GS:ffff8880e56dd000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007ffc4af7f010 CR3: 000000000c2d2000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0 Call Trace: rcu_core+0x7c8/0x1800 handle_softirqs+0x1b1/0x770 __irq_exit_rcu+0xc4/0x100 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x20 sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x70/0x80 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 RIP: 0010:unwind_get_return_address+0x4e/0xa0 Code: 7e 59 8b 03 85 c0 75 09 31 c0 5b 5d e9 0b 86 88 03 48 b8 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 48 8d 6b 58 48 89 ea 48 c1 ea 03 80 3c 02 00 <75> 36 48 8b 7b 58 e8 67 cd 0d 00 85 c0 74 cf 48 b8 00 00 00 00 00 RSP: 0018:ffff8880095474e8 EFLAGS: 00000246 RAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: ffff888009547500 RCX: ffff888009547454 RDX: 1ffff110012a8eab RSI: ffffffff85c1c760 RDI: ffff888009547500 RBP: ffff888009547558 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffff888009547540 R10: 000000000003be53 R11: 000000000002763d R12: ffff8880095475c8 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffff8880094f8000 R15: 0000000000000cc0 arch_stack_walk+0x9c/0xf0 stack_trace_save+0x8e/0xc0 set_track_prepare+0x35/0x70 __alloc_object+0xf0/0x2c0 __create_object+0x1d/0x80 kmem_cache_alloc_lru_noprof+0x418/0x6a0 __d_alloc+0x31/0xa10 d_alloc_parallel+0x112/0x1330 lookup_open.isra.0+0x64f/0x1530 path_openat+0xc26/0x2880 do_filp_open+0x1e8/0x450 do_sys_openat2+0x104/0x1b0 __x64_sys_openat+0x142/0x200 do_syscall_64+0xbf/0x360 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f58a98b6c64 Code: 84 00 00 00 00 00 44 89 54 24 0c e8 36 61 f9 ff 44 8b 54 24 0c 44 89 e2 48 89 ee 41 89 c0 bf 9c ff ff ff b8 01 01 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 34 44 89 c7 89 44 24 0c e8 68 61 f9 ff 8b 44 RSP: 002b:00007ffc4af857b0 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000101 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000022 RCX: 00007f58a98b6c64 RDX: 00000000000f0800 RSI: 0000562651357ec0 RDI: 00000000ffffff9c RBP: 0000562651357ec0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000001 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 00000000000f0800 R13: 00005626512e8db0 R14: 0000562650a22590 R15: 0000562641fca789 irq event stamp: 5945744 hardirqs last enabled at (5945754): [] __up_console_sem+0x78/0x80 hardirqs last disabled at (5945763): [] __up_console_sem+0x5d/0x80 softirqs last enabled at (5944368): [] handle_softirqs+0x50c/0x770 softirqs last disabled at (5944675): [] __irq_exit_rcu+0xc4/0x100 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu: percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu(): percpu_ref underflow slab kmalloc-64 start ffff88803c704180 pointer offset 0 size 64 percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu: percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu(): percpu_ref underflow slab kmalloc-64 start ffff88800ea60000 pointer offset 0 size 64 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess): 0: 7e 59 jle 0x5b 2: 8b 03 mov (%rbx),%eax 4: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 6: 75 09 jne 0x11 8: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax a: 5b pop %rbx b: 5d pop %rbp c: e9 0b 86 88 03 jmpq 0x388861c 11: 48 b8 00 00 00 00 00 movabs $0xdffffc0000000000,%rax 18: fc ff df 1b: 48 8d 6b 58 lea 0x58(%rbx),%rbp 1f: 48 89 ea mov %rbp,%rdx 22: 48 c1 ea 03 shr $0x3,%rdx 26: 80 3c 02 00 cmpb $0x0,(%rdx,%rax,1) * 2a: 75 36 jne 0x62 <-- trapping instruction 2c: 48 8b 7b 58 mov 0x58(%rbx),%rdi 30: e8 67 cd 0d 00 callq 0xdcd9c 35: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 37: 74 cf je 0x8 39: 48 rex.W 3a: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax