------------[ cut here ]------------ percpu ref (free_ioctx_users) <= 0 (-262782791584511) after switching to atomic WARNING: lib/percpu-refcount.c:197 at percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu+0x3cc/0x480, CPU#0: syz-executor.7/3981 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 3981 Comm: syz-executor.7 Tainted: G W 6.17.0-rc4-next-20250901 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Tainted: [W]=WARN Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu+0x3cc/0x480 Code: 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 48 89 f9 48 c1 e9 03 80 3c 01 00 0f 85 9e 00 00 00 49 8b 75 e8 48 c7 c7 c0 99 e2 84 e8 25 ac e9 fe 90 <0f> 0b 90 90 e9 2b ff ff ff e8 56 de 5f ff e9 9e fe ff ff e8 dc de RSP: 0018:ffff88806ce08e20 EFLAGS: 00010286 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffffffff8139de70 RDX: ffff8880473a1b80 RSI: ffffffff8139de7e RDI: 0000000000000001 RBP: 7fff11001d0df500 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffffed100d9c4801 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff888009d42900 R13: ffff888009d42920 R14: 0000000000000002 R15: 0000000000000003 FS: 00007efd64bb3700(0000) GS:ffff8880e55d8000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f45bc8eaff8 CR3: 000000000e1f9000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0 Call Trace: rcu_core+0x7c8/0x1800 handle_softirqs+0x1b1/0x770 __irq_exit_rcu+0xc4/0x100 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x20 sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x70/0x80 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 RIP: 0010:__sanitizer_cov_trace_pc+0x60/0x80 Code: 8b 82 14 15 00 00 85 c0 75 05 e9 0b 60 4a 03 8b 82 f0 14 00 00 83 f8 02 75 f0 48 8b 8a f8 14 00 00 8b 92 f4 14 00 00 48 8b 01 <48> 83 c0 01 48 39 c2 76 d7 48 89 01 48 89 34 c1 e9 db 5f 4a 03 66 RSP: 0018:ffff88804838f6e0 EFLAGS: 00000246 RAX: 00000000000201a0 RBX: 0000000000000008 RCX: ffffc90006c47000 RDX: 0000000000040000 RSI: ffffffff819e593d RDI: 0000000000000005 RBP: 00007efd65fb5000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: fffff9400020f878 R10: 0000000000000018 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000008 R13: ffffea000107c3c0 R14: 0000000000000018 R15: dffffc0000000000 copy_page_range+0xd7d/0x5140 dup_mmap+0xd2f/0x1d10 copy_process+0x3ad5/0x73c0 kernel_clone+0xea/0x7f0 __do_sys_fork+0x94/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0xbf/0x360 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7efd6763db19 Code: ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 bc ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007efd64bb3188 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000039 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007efd67750f60 RCX: 00007efd6763db19 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: 00007efd67697f6d R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007ffceba20d5f R14: 00007efd64bb3300 R15: 0000000000022000 irq event stamp: 1236 hardirqs last enabled at (1244): [] __up_console_sem+0x78/0x80 FAT-fs (loop5): Invalid FSINFO signature: 0x00000000, 0x00000000 (sector = 1) hardirqs last disabled at (1251): [] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xf/0x80 softirqs last enabled at (316): [] handle_softirqs+0x50c/0x770 softirqs last disabled at (459): [] __irq_exit_rcu+0xc4/0x100 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu: percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu(): percpu_ref underflow slab kmalloc-64 start ffff888009d42900 pointer offset 0 size 64 Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000000: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000007] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 3889 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G W 6.17.0-rc4-next-20250901 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Tainted: [W]=WARN Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:__queue_work+0x202/0x1240 Code: 48 8b 6d 00 e8 4f ee 79 03 31 ff 41 89 c5 89 c6 e8 c3 02 32 00 45 85 ed 0f 85 e1 05 00 00 e8 85 07 32 00 48 89 e8 48 c1 e8 03 <42> 80 3c 20 00 0f 85 a0 0e 00 00 4c 8b 75 00 48 89 df 4c 89 34 24 RSP: 0018:ffff88800efa7238 EFLAGS: 00010056 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8880474f6518 RCX: ffffffff8141f51d RDX: ffff888013790000 RSI: ffffffff8141ef2b RDI: 0000000000000005 RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffffbfff0f128f4 R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: dffffc0000000000 R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff888048460800 FS: 00007fd8313238c0(0000) GS:ffff8880e55d8000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f4fa09dff64 CR3: 000000000eb68000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0 Call Trace: queue_work_on+0xd0/0xe0 loop_queue_rq+0x5c8/0x1180 __blk_mq_issue_directly+0xd5/0x260 blk_mq_request_issue_directly+0x11c/0x1e0 blk_mq_issue_direct+0x192/0x640 blk_mq_dispatch_queue_requests+0x4b0/0x7c0 blk_mq_flush_plug_list+0x1ec/0x5b0 __blk_flush_plug+0x25c/0x460 __submit_bio+0x480/0x5b0 submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x68e/0xcb0 submit_bio_noacct+0x359/0x1350 block_read_full_folio+0x405/0x760 filemap_read_folio+0x4a/0x1e0 filemap_get_pages+0x1133/0x18e0 filemap_read+0x388/0xcf0 blkdev_read_iter+0x1a3/0x510 vfs_read+0x868/0xc70 ksys_read+0x121/0x240 do_syscall_64+0xbf/0x360 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd8318bc04e Code: 0f 1f 40 00 48 8b 15 79 9f 00 00 f7 d8 64 89 02 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff eb ba 0f 1f 00 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 14 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 5a c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 48 83 ec 28 RSP: 002b:00007ffd089425d8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000000 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055ba8288cfa8 RCX: 00007fd8318bc04e RDX: 0000000000000400 RSI: 000055ba8288cfb8 RDI: 0000000000000010 RBP: 000055ba82868df0 R08: 000055ba8288cf90 R09: 00007fd8318a2be0 R10: 0000000000000008 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 0000000000000400 R14: 000055ba8288cf90 R15: 000055ba82868e40 Modules linked in: ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- RIP: 0010:__queue_work+0x202/0x1240 Code: 48 8b 6d 00 e8 4f ee 79 03 31 ff 41 89 c5 89 c6 e8 c3 02 32 00 45 85 ed 0f 85 e1 05 00 00 e8 85 07 32 00 48 89 e8 48 c1 e8 03 <42> 80 3c 20 00 0f 85 a0 0e 00 00 4c 8b 75 00 48 89 df 4c 89 34 24 RSP: 0018:ffff88800efa7238 EFLAGS: 00010056 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8880474f6518 RCX: ffffffff8141f51d RDX: ffff888013790000 RSI: ffffffff8141ef2b RDI: 0000000000000005 RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffffbfff0f128f4 R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: dffffc0000000000 R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff888048460800 FS: 00007fd8313238c0(0000) GS:ffff8880e55d8000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f4fa09dff64 CR3: 000000000eb68000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0 note: systemd-udevd[3889] exited with irqs disabled note: systemd-udevd[3889] exited with preempt_count 1 ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: kernel/exit.c:898 at do_exit+0x1c36/0x2970, CPU#0: systemd-udevd/3889 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 3889 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G D W 6.17.0-rc4-next-20250901 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Tainted: [D]=DIE, [W]=WARN Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:do_exit+0x1c36/0x2970 Code: 96 0a 00 00 c7 43 18 00 00 00 00 e9 21 e6 ff ff e8 ef b3 38 00 bf 02 24 00 00 e8 f5 ab 0b 00 e9 41 ff ff ff e8 db b3 38 00 90 <0f> 0b 90 e9 87 e4 ff ff e8 cd b3 38 00 4c 89 e6 bf 05 06 00 00 e8 RSP: 0018:ffff88800efa7e40 EFLAGS: 00010293 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000200 RCX: ffffffff813b2727 RDX: ffff888013790000 RSI: ffffffff813b42d5 RDI: ffff8880137911e8 RBP: ffff888013790000 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffffbfff0f126d8 R10: 0000000000000200 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 000000000000000b R13: 0000000000002710 R14: dffffc0000000000 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 00007fd8313238c0(0000) GS:ffff8880e55d8000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f4fa09dff64 CR3: 000000000eb68000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0 Call Trace: make_task_dead+0x174/0x3b0 rewind_stack_and_make_dead+0x16/0x20 RIP: 0033:0x7fd8318bc04e Code: 0f 1f 40 00 48 8b 15 79 9f 00 00 f7 d8 64 89 02 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff eb ba 0f 1f 00 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 14 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 5a c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 48 83 ec 28 RSP: 002b:00007ffd089425d8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000000 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055ba8288cfa8 RCX: 00007fd8318bc04e RDX: 0000000000000400 RSI: 000055ba8288cfb8 RDI: 0000000000000010 RBP: 000055ba82868df0 R08: 000055ba8288cf90 R09: 00007fd8318a2be0 R10: 0000000000000008 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 0000000000000400 R14: 000055ba8288cf90 R15: 000055ba82868e40 irq event stamp: 40196 hardirqs last enabled at (40195): [] ktime_get+0x1c7/0x270 hardirqs last disabled at (40196): [] _raw_spin_lock_irq+0x42/0x50 softirqs last enabled at (39992): [] handle_softirqs+0x50c/0x770 softirqs last disabled at (39979): [] __irq_exit_rcu+0xc4/0x100 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at ./include/linux/percpu-rwsem.h:51 in_atomic(): 0, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 3889, name: systemd-udevd preempt_count: 0, expected: 0 RCU nest depth: 2, expected: 0 INFO: lockdep is turned off. CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 3889 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G D W 6.17.0-rc4-next-20250901 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Tainted: [D]=DIE, [W]=WARN Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0xfa/0x120 __might_resched+0x2f3/0x510 exit_signals+0x25/0x940 do_exit+0x2db/0x2970 make_task_dead+0x174/0x3b0 rewind_stack_and_make_dead+0x16/0x20 RIP: 0033:0x7fd8318bc04e Code: 0f 1f 40 00 48 8b 15 79 9f 00 00 f7 d8 64 89 02 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff eb ba 0f 1f 00 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 14 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 5a c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 48 83 ec 28 RSP: 002b:00007ffd089425d8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000000 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055ba8288cfa8 RCX: 00007fd8318bc04e RDX: 0000000000000400 RSI: 000055ba8288cfb8 RDI: 0000000000000010 RBP: 000055ba82868df0 R08: 000055ba8288cf90 R09: 00007fd8318a2be0 R10: 0000000000000008 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 0000000000000400 R14: 000055ba8288cf90 R15: 000055ba82868e40 kmemleak: Automatic memory scanning thread ended ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess): 0: 8b 82 14 15 00 00 mov 0x1514(%rdx),%eax 6: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 8: 75 05 jne 0xf a: e9 0b 60 4a 03 jmpq 0x34a601a f: 8b 82 f0 14 00 00 mov 0x14f0(%rdx),%eax 15: 83 f8 02 cmp $0x2,%eax 18: 75 f0 jne 0xa 1a: 48 8b 8a f8 14 00 00 mov 0x14f8(%rdx),%rcx 21: 8b 92 f4 14 00 00 mov 0x14f4(%rdx),%edx 27: 48 8b 01 mov (%rcx),%rax * 2a: 48 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%rax <-- trapping instruction 2e: 48 39 c2 cmp %rax,%rdx 31: 76 d7 jbe 0xa 33: 48 89 01 mov %rax,(%rcx) 36: 48 89 34 c1 mov %rsi,(%rcx,%rax,8) 3a: e9 db 5f 4a 03 jmpq 0x34a601a 3f: 66 data16