------------[ cut here ]------------
percpu ref (css_release) <= 0 (-1) after switching to atomic
WARNING: lib/percpu-refcount.c:197 at percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu+0x3cc/0x480, CPU#1: ksoftirqd/1/22
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 22 Comm: ksoftirqd/1 Tainted: G        W           6.17.0-rc3-next-20250829 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) 
Tainted: [W]=WARN
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu+0x3cc/0x480
Code: 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 48 89 f9 48 c1 e9 03 80 3c 01 00 0f 85 9e 00 00 00 49 8b 75 e8 48 c7 c7 80 97 e2 84 e8 75 c5 e9 fe 90 <0f> 0b 90 90 e9 2b ff ff ff e8 f6 de 5f ff e9 9e fe ff ff e8 7c df
RSP: 0018:ffff888009747c70 EFLAGS: 00010282
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffffffff8139de70
RDX: ffff88800972b700 RSI: ffffffff8139de7e RDI: 0000000000000001
RBP: 7fffffffffffffff R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffffed100d9e4801
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff8880206dd000
R13: ffff8880206dd020 R14: 0000000000000002 R15: 0000000000000003
FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8880e56dd000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007ffff7b1a000 CR3: 000000000c2d6000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 rcu_core+0x7c8/0x1800
 handle_softirqs+0x1b1/0x770
 run_ksoftirqd+0x2e/0x60
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x41d/0x9d0
 kthread+0x3c8/0x740
 ret_from_fork+0x34b/0x430
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
 </TASK>
irq event stamp: 7340844
hardirqs last  enabled at (7340852): [<ffffffff81541b18>] __up_console_sem+0x78/0x80
hardirqs last disabled at (7340861): [<ffffffff81541afd>] __up_console_sem+0x5d/0x80
softirqs last  enabled at (7340446): [<ffffffff813bafcc>] handle_softirqs+0x50c/0x770
softirqs last disabled at (7340451): [<ffffffff813bb3de>] run_ksoftirqd+0x2e/0x60
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu: percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu(): percpu_ref underflow slab kmalloc-64 start ffff8880206dd000 pointer offset 0 size 64
percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu: percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu(): percpu_ref underflow slab kmalloc-64 start ffff88800eb92980 pointer offset 0 size 64