linkwatch_do_dev+0x111/0x150 __linkwatch_run_queue+0x2ab/0x710 linkwatch_event+0x4e/0x70 ------------[ cut here ]------------ percpu ref (css_release) <= 0 (-1) after switching to atomic WARNING: lib/percpu-refcount.c:197 at percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu+0x3cc/0x480, CPU#1: syz-executor/8403 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 8403 Comm: syz-executor Tainted: G W 6.17.0-rc3-next-20250829 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Tainted: [W]=WARN Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu+0x3cc/0x480 Code: 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 48 89 f9 48 c1 e9 03 80 3c 01 00 0f 85 9e 00 00 00 49 8b 75 e8 48 c7 c7 80 97 e2 84 e8 75 c5 e9 fe 90 <0f> 0b 90 90 e9 2b ff ff ff e8 f6 de 5f ff e9 9e fe ff ff e8 7c df RSP: 0018:ffff88806cf08e20 EFLAGS: 00010286 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffffffff8139de70 RDX: ffff88800f535280 RSI: ffffffff8139de7e RDI: 0000000000000001 RBP: 7fffffffffffffff R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffffed100d9e4801 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: fffffffffffdbf30 R12: ffff88800a161c00 R13: ffff88800a161c20 R14: 0000000000000002 R15: 0000000000000003 FS: 0000555568c6b400(0000) GS:ffff8880e56dd000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f115ab5b178 CR3: 000000000e723000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0 Call Trace: rcu_core+0x7c8/0x1800 handle_softirqs+0x1b1/0x770 __irq_exit_rcu+0xc4/0x100 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x20 sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x70/0x80 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 RIP: 0010:_raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x34/0x50 Code: c7 18 53 48 89 f3 48 8b 74 24 10 e8 16 f5 93 fc 48 89 ef e8 4e 40 94 fc 80 e7 02 74 06 e8 b4 48 be fc fb 65 ff 0d 6c 4c c6 02 <74> 07 5b 5d e9 33 23 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 5b 5d e9 27 23 00 00 0f RSP: 0018:ffff88803c447c30 EFLAGS: 00000286 RAX: 000000000009d9cf RBX: 0000000000000286 RCX: 0000000000000040 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffff84bde3bc RBP: ffffffff85d091e0 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000001 R10: ffffffff8643ac57 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 000000000007ffe0 R13: ffff88807ffdcb40 R14: ffffea00002cb900 R15: 0000000000000024 kmemleak_scan+0x49a/0xe00 kmemleak_write+0x410/0x4f0 full_proxy_write+0x133/0x1a0 vfs_write+0x2b7/0x1150 ksys_write+0x121/0x240 do_syscall_64+0xbf/0x360 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd167f9f5c3 Code: 16 00 00 00 eb ae 90 b8 6e 00 00 00 eb a6 e8 44 ef 04 00 0f 1f 40 00 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 14 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 55 c3 0f 1f 40 00 48 83 ec 28 48 89 54 24 18 RSP: 002b:00007ffdef0a8f28 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffdef0a9568 RCX: 00007fd167f9f5c3 RDX: 0000000000000004 RSI: 00007fd168055ed9 RDI: 0000000000000003 RBP: 0000000000000003 R08: 0011cf5cc138c30a R09: 00007fd1680dc000 R10: 00007fd1680dc010 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007fd167fa1b10 R13: 00007ffdef0aaee7 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 00000000000dd053 irq event stamp: 646340 hardirqs last enabled at (646348): [] __up_console_sem+0x78/0x80 hardirqs last disabled at (646357): [] __up_console_sem+0x5d/0x80 softirqs last enabled at (639282): [] handle_softirqs+0x50c/0x770 softirqs last disabled at (645585): [] __irq_exit_rcu+0xc4/0x100 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu: percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu(): percpu_ref underflow slab kmalloc-64 start ffff88800a161c00 pointer offset 0 size 64 percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu: percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu(): percpu_ref underflow slab kmalloc-64 start ffff88803d04f880 pointer offset 0 size 64 loop5: detected capacity change from 0 to 264192 loop0: detected capacity change from 0 to 264192 loop6: detected capacity change from 0 to 264192 vfat: Unknown parameter 'obj_user' loop4: detected capacity change from 0 to 264192 loop7: detected capacity change from 0 to 264192 FAT-fs (loop2): invalid media value (0x08) FAT-fs (loop2): Can't find a valid FAT filesystem loop0: detected capacity change from 0 to 264192 vfat: Unknown parameter 'obj_user' kmemleak: Found object by alias at 0x607f1a638234 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 8414 Comm: syz-executor.2 Tainted: G W 6.17.0-rc3-next-20250829 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Tainted: [W]=WARN Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0xca/0x120 __lookup_object+0x94/0xb0 delete_object_full+0x27/0x70 free_percpu+0x30/0x1160 futex_hash_free+0x38/0xc0 mmput+0x2d3/0x390 do_exit+0x79d/0x2970 do_group_exit+0xd3/0x2a0 __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3e/0x50 x64_sys_call+0x18c5/0x18d0 do_syscall_64+0xbf/0x360 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f94594c7b19 Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0x7f94594c7aef. RSP: 002b:00007ffcd4887928 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000e7 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000000000000001e RCX: 00007f94594c7b19 RDX: 00007f945947a72b RSI: ffffffffffffffbc RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000001b2cd25400 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 00007ffcd4887a10 kmemleak: Object (percpu) 0x607f1a638230 (size 8): kmemleak: comm "kworker/u9:2", pid 42, jiffies 4294774726 kmemleak: min_count = 1 kmemleak: count = 1 kmemleak: flags = 0x21 kmemleak: checksum = 0 kmemleak: backtrace: pcpu_alloc_noprof+0x87a/0x1170 fib_nh_common_init+0x30/0xd0 fib6_nh_init+0x968/0x1a00 ip6_route_info_create_nh+0x530/0xf80 ip6_route_add.part.0+0x59/0x170 ip6_route_add+0x48/0x60 addrconf_add_mroute+0x12d/0x190 addrconf_add_dev+0x148/0x1c0 addrconf_dev_config+0x1e9/0x430 addrconf_notify+0xa70/0x1920 notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x360 call_netdevice_notifiers_info+0xbe/0x140 netif_state_change+0x157/0x330 linkwatch_do_dev+0x111/0x150 __linkwatch_run_queue+0x2ab/0x710 linkwatch_event+0x4e/0x70 loop0: detected capacity change from 0 to 264192 vfat: Unknown parameter 'obj_user' loop6: detected capacity change from 0 to 264192 loop4: detected capacity change from 0 to 264192 loop5: detected capacity change from 0 to 264192 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess), 1 bytes skipped: 0: 18 53 48 sbb %dl,0x48(%rbx) 3: 89 f3 mov %esi,%ebx 5: 48 8b 74 24 10 mov 0x10(%rsp),%rsi a: e8 16 f5 93 fc callq 0xfc93f525 f: 48 89 ef mov %rbp,%rdi 12: e8 4e 40 94 fc callq 0xfc944065 17: 80 e7 02 and $0x2,%bh 1a: 74 06 je 0x22 1c: e8 b4 48 be fc callq 0xfcbe48d5 21: fb sti 22: 65 ff 0d 6c 4c c6 02 decl %gs:0x2c64c6c(%rip) # 0x2c64c95 * 29: 74 07 je 0x32 <-- trapping instruction 2b: 5b pop %rbx 2c: 5d pop %rbp 2d: e9 33 23 00 00 jmpq 0x2365 32: 0f 1f 44 00 00 nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) 37: 5b pop %rbx 38: 5d pop %rbp 39: e9 27 23 00 00 jmpq 0x2365 3e: 0f .byte 0xf